Zürich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the Canton of Zurich. Known to the Romans as Turicum, the town was the capital of the Tulingi before the Romans founded a town on the site in 15 BC. The town later came to include a castle and garrison under the Roman Empire, and the castle remained standing until 7th century AD. In the 5th century AD, the Germanic Alemanni settled in the Swiss Plateau, and Zürich became a "free city" of the Holy Roman Empire in 1218 and a member of the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1351. From 1484 to 1531, the Protestant reformer Huldrych Zwingli lived in Zürich, and he served as its main preacher during the 1520s. In 1648, Zürich declared itself a republic in the wake of the Thirty Years' War, and it was dominated by an oligarchy. Zürich went on to serve as the federal capital from 1839 to 1840, and it took the lead in opposing the conservative cantons during the Sonderbund War of the 1840s. Zürich's train stations were mostly built during the 1870s, leading to rapid population growth due to industrialization and rural-urban migration. In 2018, Zürich had a population of 415,215 people.
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