The Young Patriots Organization (YPO) was a revolutionary socialist and anti-capitalist revolutionary movement which was based in Chicago, Illinois from 1968 to 1973. The group was founded by Jack Boykin and Doug Youngblood, who were among the 40,000 Appalachian migrants who fled the decline of mining and agriculture and found affordable housing in Uptown Chicago. The formerly middle-class neighborhood came to be known as "Hillbilly Heaven", although the Southern migrants found fewer jobs than expected and faced the same police brutality, slum living conditions, and lack of quality healthcare that the city's Black and Puerto Rican populations faced. In 1968, Boykin and Youngblood cofounded the Young Patriots, who were influenced by the Patriots of the American Revolutionary War and their challenging of imperial power. The Young Patriots modeled themselves after the Black Panthers and the Hispanic Young Lords, and the three gangs formed a "Rainbow Coalition" activist network in spite of their racial differences, and the sensitivity of the Young Patriots' chosen icon, the Confederate flag, which they saw as representing their Southern heritage and as a symbol of the fight against the bourgeois industrialists who dominated the North during the American Civil War. While the Patriots appropriated Confederate iconography, they also idolized John Brown, the militant abolitionist who led the famous Raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859. The Young Patriots operated a free health clinic, joined police brutality protests, organized breakfast programs for children, and challenged the city's urban renewal plans for Uptown. However, Fred Hampton's assassination in December 1969 and a concurrent FBI crackdown on the revolutionary movements in Chicago led to the Young Patriots going underground and ultimately dissolving in 1972. Fesperman felt that the brutal police repression in Chicago necessitated an alternate avenue of organizing, leading to the formation of the "Patriot Party", which existed from 1970 until the FBI's COINTELPRO program suppressed the group by the mid-1970s.