Upper Egypt is the southern region of Egypt, located between Cairo and Lower Egypt in the north and Nubia (Sudan) in the south. Upper Egypt developed along the Nile, which provided limited fertility in a land consisting mostly of arid deserts. After 3600 BC, Egyptian society began to form, and Upper and Lower Egypt often went to war until the Upper Egyptian king Narmer united the two regions in 3150 BC. For most of Egyptian history, Thebes was the capital of Upper Egypt.
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Upper Egypt in 1205 BC