Tuyuhun was a powerful kingdom established by Xianbei nomads in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley of China, existing from 284 to 670; Fuqi served as its capital. The Xianbei created the kingdom after subjugating the Qiang people; during the 4th century, Tuyuhun also conquered the Western Qin and Xia kingdoms. The Tuyuhun would also launch military expeditions to Hotan in Xinjiang and to the borders of Kashmir and Afghanistan, and they conquered much of northwest China. During the 7th century, the Tibetan Empire began to invade the Tuyuhun lands, and the Tuyuhun government began to be divided into pro-Tibet and pro-Tang factions. In 670, a 200,000-strong Tibetan army defeated a 100,000-strong Tang army at Daifeichuan, and the Tuyuhun kingdom was conquered.
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