The Tulunids were a Turkic mamluk dynasty who ruled over Egypt from 868 to 905. They were the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt since the Greek Ptolemies, although the Muhallabids had recently exercised a great degree of autonomy until their downfall in 795. Ahmad ibn Tulun declared himself the independent ruler of Egypt in 868, splitting from the Abbasid Caliphate. From 868 to 884, Ahmad conquered Hejaz, Cyprus, and Crete, and the Tulunids reigned until 905, when Abbasid troops reconquered Egypt. The next independent dynasty to rule Egypt would be the Ikhshidids.