
Telemark is a traditional region of Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland, and Agder; Skien served as its capital. Telemark means "march of the Thelir", an ancient Germanic tribe that inhabited Telemark during the Migration Period and the Viking Age. Telemark traditionally lacked cities, and was instead home to an egalitarian farming society living in a scenic landscape of hills, valleys, and lakes. Telemark was regarded as the most violent society in Norway, resisting both Christianization and the Reformation longer than other Norwegian regions. It later became the birthplace of skiing and the bunad folk costume movement. In 2019, Telemark had a population of 173,249 people.