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The Second Indo-Pakistani War was the second of four Indo-Pakistani Wars fought during the 20th century, occurring from August to September 1965 after Pakistan attempted to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to foment a Muslim Kashmiri insurgency against India. India retaliated against this Pakistani aggression by launching a full-scale attack on West Pakistan, and, for seventeen days, the 700,000-strong Indian Army and the 260,000-strong Pakistan Army fought on both the Indo-Pakistani border and the future Indo-Bangladeshi border (Bangladesh then being part of "East Pakistan"), and the war saw the largest tank battle since World War II. While the Indians and Pakistanis had fought to a standoff by the time that the Tashkent Declaration ended the war on 23 September 1965, India had prevented Pakistan from fomenting an insurgency in Kashmir and also prevented Pakistan from gaining meaningful support at the international level.

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