The Salvadoran Civil War was a civil war in El Salvador which was fought between the right-wing military junta of El Salvador and the left-wing Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) revolutionary coalition. The war began on 15 October 1979 when Adolfo Arnoldo Majano and Jaime Abdul Gutierrez led a group of young military officers in a US-backed coup against President Carlos Humberto Romero's National Conciliation Party and created a "reformist junta" which promised political and economic reforms, only to crack down on political opposition, especially from leftist revolutionaries. The government employed the military and death squads to massacre political opponents, including many a Roman Catholic priests and nuns who advanced a Christian form of social justice; most famous among the victims were Archbishop Oscar Romero (assassinated on 24 March 1980) and four American churchwomen (three nuns and a laywoman, on 2 December 1980). The FMLN formed on 10 October 1980 to unite the revolutionary forces in El Salvador, taking part in large offensives in 1981 and 1989. The war was marked by the massacre of civilians by US-trained government death squads, the recruitment of child soldiers by the military, and the deaths or "disappearances" of 75,000 people from 1979 to 1992. 85% of attacks on civilians were carried out by the government, while only 5% were carried out by the FMLN. Starting in 1990, the United Nations worked towards a peace agreement to end the conflict, and, on 16 Janaury 1992, the Chapultepec Peace Accords was signed in Mexico City. This peace agreement restructured the Salvadoran military, replaced the National Police with the National Civil Police, dissolved the National Guard and Treasury Police, and exonerated the FMLN's combatants and allowed for the FMLN to enter politics as a political party. The lasting poverty and political upheaval created by the war paved the way for a drastic rise in organized crime in El Salvador in the ensuing decades, leading to the equally deadly Salvadoran Gang War.