The Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the Russian annexation of Ochakov Oblast in southern Ukraine.
In May and June 1787, Tsarina Catherine the Great of Russia made a triumphal procession through Novorossiya and the annexed Crimea in company with Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. These ostentatious displays, along with rumors of Catherine's planned partition of the Ottoman Empire and restoration of the Eastern Roman Empire and the friction caused by Ottoman and Russian infringements of the Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca stirred up public opinion in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul. The British and French ambassadors to Turkey lent their unconditional support to the Ottoman war party, which, in 1787, persuaded the government to demand that Russia evacuate the Crimea and give up their holdings near the Black Sea. Russia responded by declaring war on 19 August 1787. The Ottomans opened their offensive by attacking two fortresses in Kinburn in southern Ukraine, but the Russian general Alexander Suvorov repelled the Ottoman naval attacks in September and October 1787. Russian troops then invaded Moldavia and captured Chocim and Jassy, and Suvorov and Prince Grigory Potemkin captured Ochakov on 6 December 1788. All civilians in the captured cities were massacred by order of Potemkin. The Ottomans found some success against the Russians' Austrian allies in Serbia and Transylvania. After Suvorov defeated the Turks at the Battle of Focsani on 1 August 1789, the Austrians inflicted further losses on the Ottomans by repelling an Ottoman invasion of Croatia and capturing Belgrade. A Greek revolt further drained the Ottoman war effort, forcing the Turks to make peace with the Austrians. Suvoorv pressed further and captured the fortress of Izmail at the entrance to the Danube in December 1790; at the same time, Fyodor Ushakov defeated the Russians at the naval Battle of Tendra. A final Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Macin on 9 July 1791, coupled with Russian concerns about Prussia entering the war, led to a truce on 31 July 1791. The 9 January 1792 Treaty of Jassy recognized Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate, Odessa and Ochakov were ceded to Russia, and the Rssian frontier was moved to the Kuban River.