Rafi was a social democratic political party in Israel that was active from 1965 to 1968, with David Ben-Gurion serving as its founder and leader. The party was founded when Ben-Gurion, Moshe Dayan, Shimon Peres, Chaim Herzog, Teddy Kollek, and three other MKs left Mapai due to disagreements over Ben-Gurion's support for a constituency-based system over proportional representation. In the 1965 election, Rafi won only 10 seats, failing to dislodge Alignment's hold on power. In early 1967, Rafi and Menachem Begin's Gahal discussed forming a center-right coalition to challenge Mapai, but these talks fell through. In 1968, Rafi, Ahdut HaAvoda, and Mapai merged to form the Israeli Labor Party.
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