Radicalism was a progressive liberal ideology which emerged in Great Britain, continental Europe, and Latin America during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, inspired by the French Revolution. The Whig parliamentarian Charles James Fox popularized the term while using it to promote reform of the British electoral system; the movement was initially confined to the upper and middle classes. Radicalism emerged in the 1830s in the United Kingdom in the form of the Chartist movement, and it grew following the Revolutions of 1848 due to support of wider enfranchisement, republicanism, abolition of titles, redistribution of property, and freedom of the press (in France and Latin America, anti-clericalism was also heavily emphasized). In 1840s France, radicalism emerged as the extreme-left, opposing the socially conservative liberalism of the French Republicans and the Orleanists and the anti-parliamentarism of the Legitimists and Bonapartists. By the 1890s, the French radicals had become a powerful force in parliament, organizing themselves into the Radical Party of France in 1901, which dominated French politics until 1940. Radicals inspired by the movement's coming to power in France also took power in Switzerland, Greece, Portugal, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia. Following World War II, the emergence of social democracy as a political force in its own right led to the differences between left-wing radicalism and conservative-liberalism being diminished, and radicalism became defunct in most of Europe between 1940 and 1973, with social democratic and conservative-liberal parties emerging as the movement's successors.