A medieval pogrom in Toledo, Spain
A pogrom is a violent riot or massacre targeted against Jews. The term was popularized when describing the Russian Empire's "demonstrations" against Russian Jews in the Pale of Settlement in Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, and other predominantly-Jewish areas. However, anti-Jewish attacks had been carried out far before then, especially in Christian countries at the time of the Crusades and Reconquista. The Holocaust of 1942-1945 saw 10,000,000 Jews being murdered by Nazi Germany and the Axis Powers, and many pogroms were carried out by the Axis countries in support of the Nazis. Today, full-scale riots against Jews are uncommon, although anti-Semitism is still a major problem in societies across the world.
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The Pale of Settlement, where most Russian Jews lived.
