Philemon Thomas (9 February 1763-18 November 1847) was a member of the US House of Representatives (D-LA 2) from 4 March 1831 to 3 March 1839, succeeding Henry H. Gurley and preceding Eleazer Wheelock Ripley. Born in Orange County, Virginia, he served in the American Revolutionary War before moving to Kentucky and serving in the state legislature. In 1806, he moved to Louisiana and participated in the West Florida rebellion of 1810. He later served in the War of 1812 and in Congress, and he failed in his 1824 and 1828 gubernatorial bids.