The Pelucones were the conservative faction of Chilean politics from the Chilean War of Independence until the fusion of the liberals and conservatives in 1858.
The Pelucones were so-called because of their purported penchant for wearing old-fashioned wigs popular in the 18th century. The Pelucones were primarily backed by the aristocracy, landowners, and conservative elements of society, and they often had ties to the Catholic Church. Their support was stronger in rural areas, particularly in the south, where traditional agricultural interests were dominant. The Pelucones formed as a conservative response to the liberalism of the Pipiolos, particularly during the tumultuous years following independence. They favored a centralized authority and were often resistant to the rapid social changes championed by the Pipiolos. The Pelucones defeated the Pipiolos in the Chilean Civil War of 1829 and enforced a unitarian constitution in 1833, and they fought off a Pipiolo revolution in 1851 before joining forces to resist the rise of the National Party of Chile in 1858.