Operation Home and Garden was a military operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at the Jenin refugee camp in the Palestinian West Bank from 3 to 5 July 2023.
Jenin had long been a stronghold for armed Palestinian resistance against Israel, and 2023 saw several Israeli crackdowns against Palestinian terrorist activities in the refugee camp. An Israeli raid on Jenin in 19 June 2023, aiming to arrest two terrorism suspects, resulted in clashes that led to the wounding of 8 Israeli soldiers and the deaths of 3 Palestinian militants and 4 civilians. In response, two Hamas militants, Mohannad Faleh and Khaled Sabah, shot at Israeli settlers near Eli on 20 June 2023, killing 4 and wounding 4 others before being killed. That same day, teenage PIJ militants Mohammed Hashah and Alaa Hafnawi accidentally blew themselves up in the Balata refugee camp near Nablus while handling homemade explosives.
In response to these violent clashes, the first Israeli drone attack in the West Bank since 2006, and retaliatory attacks by settlers on Palestinian villages, influential members within Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing government advocated for a more extensive military retaliation to address the ongoing violence in the region. The IDF initiated the operation shortly after 1 AM on 3 July 2023 with drone strikes on a Jenin Brigade joint operations center and facilities responsible for weapons manufacturing and storage, after which troops were deployed to the camp until midday. During 14 hours of fighting, a brigade of around 2,000 IDF soldiers blocked roads, seized control of houses and buildings, and positioned snipers on rooftops as bulldozers cleared paths through narrow streets to facilitate the movement of Israeli soldiers. At least 10 Palestinians, including 3 minors, were killed in the incident, while 100 were injured. 3,000 Palestinians fled or were evacuated from the camp to escape the fighting. The Israelis discovered three weapons production facilities and confiscated weapons and explosives caches. The Israeli incursion into Jenin was condemned by the Palestinian presidency, Jordan, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Hezbollah.