The New York Police Department (NYPD) is the largest municipal police force in the United States, established in 1845. The NYPD is responsible for law enforcement and investigation in the five boroughs of New York City, with its specialized services including emergency services, harbor patrol, air support, bomb disposal, counter-terrorism, criminal intelligence, anti-gang, anti-organized crime, narcotics, public transportation, and public housing. In June 2004, the NYPD had 40,000 sworn officers plus several thousand civilian employees, making it the oldest and largest police force in the USA. In 2010, 53% of policemen were African-Americans, Hispanics, or Asians, while 47% were white; despite this, 82% of captains were white and only 18% were minorities, while 7 of the 10 chiefs were white and 3 were minorities. The NYPD has been known for its efficiency, although corruption was a major problem until the turn of the 21st century, while the occasional killing of unarmed minorities would lead to protests in New York.