The Muscogee, also known as the Creek, are a group of Native American peoples from the southeastern United States, originally from Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, and Florida. Under United States president George Washington's "civilization plan", they became some of the first "civilized" tribes of natives, adopting some Western customs. In 1813, Shawnee leader Tecumseh encouraged the Muscogee/Creek tribe to rise up against the European settlers in conjunction with the United Kingdom during the War of 1812, with the pro-British "Red Sticks" fighting against the US Army and the anti-British "White Sticks" in a war from 1813 to 1814. In 1814, Andrew Jackson defeated the Muscogee at Horseshoe Bend, and the tribe was forced to relocate to Oklahoma, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas during the early 19th century and then to the Indian Territory under the Indian Removal Act of the 1830s. In 2010, there were 88,332 self-identifying Muscogee tribe members in the USA, practicing either Protestantism or animism.
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