The Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) was a socialist state which existed between 26 November 1924 and 13 February 1992, consisting of the present-day country of Mongolia. The MPR was founded in the aftermath of the 1921 revolution that toppled the Bogd Khaanate, and the Soviet-influenced Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party created a communist people's republic in Mongolia. In 1928, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and Comintern ordered the building of socialism, including the collectivization of Mongolian agriculture. These politics led to the destruction of religion, breakdown in economy and transportation, and uprisings in the west and south of the country; Stalin retaliated by purging several MPRP leaders for "prematurely" transitioning the country to socialism. 35,000 Mongols were executed during the Great Purge of the 1930s. During World War II, Mongolia provided the Red Army with funding, supplies, and volunteers, and Mongolia's independence was recognized by the Republic of China in 1945. Mongolia was a Soviet puppet state throughout the Cold War, during which it was subjected to authoritarian rule. Between 1987 and 1992, the Soviets withdrew its troops and technical and financial assistance from Mongolia as the Cold War drew to a close, and the first free, multiparty elections were held in Mongolia in 1990. In 1992, the constitution was amended to abolish the socialist state, which became Mongolia.
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