Mesopotamia, known to the ancient Israelites as Shinar, is a historic region in the Middle East region of Asia, consisting of Iraq, Kuwait, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Iraqi border with Iran. The region consists of the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and it was one of the birthplaces of modern civilization; the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, among others, originated in the "Fertile Crescent". The region was later subjected to Persian and Greek rule, and the Persians would reconquer the region in 150 BC. During the 7th century, Mesopotamia was conquered by the Islamic Rashidun Caliphate, which transformed Mesopotamia into the heart of Middle Eastern culture, with Baghdad as its hub. Since then, Mesopotamia has been a center of the Islamic world.
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