Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco (15 June 1806-16 September 1873) was President of Peru from 27 March 1843 to 17 June 1844, succeeding Juan Francisco de Vidal and preceding Manuel Menendez.
Biography[]
Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco was born in Lima, Peru in 1806, the son of a merchant. He joined the Peruvian Navy in 1821 before serving in the Peruvian Army at the Battle of Junin and the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824. He later fought at the Battle of Tarqui before rising to be Antonio Gutierrez de la Fuente's aide-de-camp and a colonel fighting for Felipe Santiago Salaverry during the early 1830s. He emigrated to Chile due to his opposition to the Peru-Bolivian Confederation and became prefect of Arequipa in 1840 following the War of the Confederation. In 1841, he led a "regenerative" revolution against Agustin Gamarra, and he seized power amid the anarchy that followed Gamarra's death at the Battle of Ingavi. He was, in turn, overthrown by Domingo Nieto's constitutionalist movement at the Battle of Carmen Alto in 1844 and deposed. He went into exile in Ecuador until 1849, when he returned to Peru and mounted a failed presidential bid in 1850. He later fought against General Roman Castilla's liberal revolution in 1854, and he was wounded at Arequipa and forced to flee to Chile on Jose Rufino Echenique's deposition in 1855. He later participated in the civil war of 1856-1858, and he was again exiled to Chile after the siege of Arequipa. He returned in 1862 and served as ambassador to Chile in 1863. In 1865, he again returned to Chile after Mariano Ignacio Prado's nationalist revolution, only to return to Bolivia and serve in the Chamber of Deputies from 1868 to 1872. Incidentally, he died in Chile in 1873 while attempting to recover from ill health.