Eustache Dauger de Cavoye (30 August 1637-19 November 1703), better known as the Man in the Iron Mask, was a French prisoner who was incarcerated for 34 years while forced to wear an iron mask, and died in the Bastille in 1703. The son of François d'Oger de Cavoye, captain of Cardinal Richelieu's guard of musketeers, he lost his father and two elder brothers in battle and became the head of his family. He was disinherited by his family for celebrating Good Friday with a black mass, and, from 1659 to 1665, he was involved in several scandals, including the sale of arsenic poison and aphrodisiacs. He was arrested for his alleged role in the "Affair of the Poisons," and, on 24 August 1669, a man identified by Francois-Michel le Tellier as "Eustache Dauger" was arrested and, after 1687, was forced to wear an iron mask while being moved between prisons. He died in the Bastille in 1703. Theories about the man's disputed identity include theories that he was an illegitimate son of Cardinal Mazarin and Anne of Austria, a twin brother of Louis XIV who could challenge his brother for the throne, the supposed natural father of Louis XIV, the disgraced general Vivien de Bulonde, a valet, an illegitimate son of Charles II of England, or the Italian diplomat Ercole Antonio Mattioli.