The Liberal Party of Cuba, officially the Autonomist Liberal Party (PLA) was a liberal political party in Cuba that existed from 1878 to 1952. The party started contesting elections in 1910, winning 23 of the 41 seats in the parliamentary election. During the 1920s, the party held the presidency, and the party was one of the most powerful political parties in the country during the early 20th century. In 1940, the party's presidential candidate Fulgencio Batista won the presidential election, and Batista would later switch his party affiliation to the liberal-conservative Progressive Action Party in 1949. In 1952, facing certain electoral defeat, Batista launched a coup and banned the Liberal Party and all other parties.
During the early 20th century, the Liberals attracted many from the urban middle-class, including professionals, intellectuals, and small business owners who favored progressive reforms and greater political participation. Many rural workers and peasants supported the Liberals, seeking land reforms and improvements in living conditions. The youth, especially students, often aligned with the Liberal Party due to its emphasis on modernization and social change.