The Kronstadt Commune was a Russian anarcho-syndicalist commune which existed on the island of Kronstadt (near St. Petersburg) from 7 to 17 March 1941. Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko led 17,961 mutinous soldiers and armed citizenry in an uprising against the Soviet Union during the Russian Civil War, and the Kronstadt rebellion would be crushed with around 5,000 losses.