The Kingdom of Egypt was a North African monarchy that existed from 1922 to 1953, with Cairo serving as its capital. Egypt unilaterally declared its independence from the United Kingdom in 1922, ending the "Sultanate of Egypt" period, but a treaty signed with the British in 1936 gave the British control of Egypt's foreign policy, communications, the military, and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In addition, the British kept troops and advisers in the country until 1952. The country's politics were dominated by the nationalist Wafd Party, the underground Egyptian Communist Party, and the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood, the latter two of which were banned for constantly plotting to overthrow the government. Defeat in the 1948-1949 Arab-Israeli War led to King Farouk I of Egypt becoming intensely unpopular, as he was also seen as a British puppet. He was ousted from power by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser's Free Officers Movement in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and the monarchy was formally abolished in 1953 and replaced with a republic.