Josiah M. Anderson (29 November 1807-8 November 1861) was a member of the US House of Representatives (W-TN 3) from 4 March 1849 to 3 March 1851, succeeding John Hervey Crozier and preceding William M. Churchwell. Born in Pikeville, he practiced law in Jasper before serving in the state house from 1833 to 1837, in the state senate from 1843 to 1845, in Congress, and as a secessionist activist until he was murdered by unionists near Whitwell in 1861.