John Thomson (20 November 1780-2 December 1852) was a member of the US House of Representatives (D-OH 12) from 4 March 1829 to 3 March 1833 (succeeding John Sloane and preceding Robert Mitchell) and from OH-17 from 4 March 1833 to 3 March 1837 (preceding Andrew W. Loomis). Born in Northern Ireland, he immigrated to Butler County, Pennsylvania in 1787. He moved to New Lisbon, Ohio in 1806 to practice medicine, and he served in the War of 1812, in the state senate from 1814 to 1816 and from 1817 to 1820, in the state house in 1816, and in Congress from 1829 to 1837. He died in 1852.