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James Thompson (1 October 1806-28 January 1874) was a member of the US House of Representatives (D-PA 23) from 4 March 1845 to 3 March 1851, succeeding Charles Manning Reed and preceding Carlton B. Curtis. Born in Middlesex Township, he worked as a printer before practicing law in Erie and serving in the state house from 1832 to 1834 and in 18355, in Congress, and on the state supreme court from 1857 to 1872.