James Harper (28 March 1780-31 March 1873) was a member of the US House of Representatives (NR-PA 2) from 4 March 1833 to 3 March 1837, succeeding Henry Horn and preceding John Sergeant and George Washington Toland. Born in Castlederg, County Tyrone, he immigrated to Philadelphia with his parents and worked as a brick manufacturer and grocer. In addition to being a congressman, he was also the Masonic Grand Master of Pennsylvania.