Jama'atu Ahlus-Sunnah Lidda'Awati wal Jihad was a splintergroup of Boko Haram that was formed on 8 August 2016 when Abubakar Shekau's faction split from Abu Musab al-Barnawi's Islamic State-loyal faction (ISWAP). Shekau refused to stop using children as suicide bombers, leading to ISIS distancing itself from him. Shekau vowed to continue the fight against the Nigerian government, and he promised to defeat the United States and Nigeria. In May 2021, however, Shekau killed himself and an ISWAP field commander in a suicide bombing rather than surrender, having lost Sambisa Forest to ISWAP that same year. On 26 May 2021, ISWAP leader al-Barnawi declared Boko Haram dissolved and Shekau dead, although some of Shekau's loyalists swore vengeance and continued to fight against ISWAP.