Indigenismo is an ethno-populist political ideology in several Latin American countries which seeks greater social and political inclusion for the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Historically, Latin American citizens did not vote along ethnic lines, splitting their votes among various parties or voting in ways that were indistinguishable from the rest of the population; notable exceptions were in Bolivia and Mexico, where indigenous people voted overwhelmingly for Bolivia's Revolutionary Nationalist Movement from the 1950s to 1960s and Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party, both of whose leaderships were almost exclusively white or mestizo. During the late 20th and early 21st centuries, however, indigenous people took to the streets to protest government policy, topple presidents, and demand economic, political, and social reforms, with non-ethnic parties increasingly embracing indigenous peoples' demands, recruiting indigenous candidates, and employing indigenous symbols, while the indigenous movement itself formed parties aimed specifically at representing indigenous interests. Major successful Indigenist movements included MAS-IPSP in Bolivia and Pachakutik in Ecuador, while other movements, such as the Movimiento Indigena Pachakuti in Bolivia, Rigoberta Menchu's Winaq party in Guatemala, and the Alianza Social Indigena in Colombia performed poorly.
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