Anushilan Samiti protesters being held back by police, 1929
The Indian independence movement was a movement in the Indian Subcontinent that advocated the complete independence of India, Burma, Pakistan, and Bangladesh from the United Kingdom, existing from the British takeover in 1757 until independence was achieved in 1947. The militant independence movement began in the Bengal region, and the independence movement had been met with bloodshed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the 1919 Amritsar massacre, and the 1930 Chittagong armory raid; nonviolence would ultimately be the movement's strongest weapon. The Indian National Congress under Mahatma Gandhi used civil disobedience to resist the authorities, and the Indian independence movement picked up speed in the decolonization period following World War II. In 1947, Lord Louis Mountbatten agreed to grant India its independence, and Gandhi and his socialist INC party came to power. India was established as a predominantly Hindu state, while Pakistan was established as a Muslim state (initially including Bangladesh); Burma had separated from India in 1937 and had developed separately.