The Holy Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, in use from 25 December 800 to 6 August 1806. The title was created by Charlemagne, King of the Franks, who was crowned by Pope Leo III, and the title was held in conjunction with the rule of the medieval kingdoms of Germany and Italy. The title was held by several families, with the most notable being the House of Karling from the 9th to 10th centuries, the House of Hohenstaufen from the 11th to 13th centuries, and the House of Habsburg from the 15th to 18th centuries. The Emperor became a rival of the Pope during the Middle Ages, as the Emperor and the Pope constantly clashed over the leadership of the Catholic church and over the autonomy of the Holy Roman Empire. The title would lose its power as the constituent states of the empire gained more autonomy with the decline of the Middle Ages, and it would eventually be considered to be an Austrian title rather than a title that held power over all of the German states. In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved and replaced by the Austrian Empire.
Holy Roman Emperors[]
| Name | Reign | House |
|---|---|---|
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25 December 800-28 January 814 |  Karling
|
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11 September 813-20 June 840 | Karling
|
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5 April 823-29 September 855 | Karling
|
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29 September 855-12 August 875 | Karling
|
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29 December 875-6 October 877 | Karling
|
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12 February 881-13 January 888 | Karling
|
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891-12 December 894 |  Guideschi
|
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30 April 892-15 October 898 | Guideschi
|
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22 February 896-8 December 899 | Karling
|
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22 February 901-21 July 905 |  Bosonids
|
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December 915-7 April 924 |  Unruochingers
|
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2 February 962-7 May 973 |  Ludolfingers
|
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25 December 967-7 December 983 | Ludolfingers
|
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21 May 996-23 January 1002 | Ludolfingers
|
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7 June 1002-14 February 1014 | Ludolfingers
|
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26 March 1027-4 June 1039 |  Salian dynasty
|
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25 December 1046-5 October 1056 | Salian dynasty
|
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31 March 1084-7 August 1106 | Salian dynasty
|
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13 April 1111-23 May 1125 | Salian dynasty
|
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4 June 1133-4 December 1137 |  Supplinbergers
|
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8 June 1155-10 June 1190 |  Hohenstaufen
|
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14 April 1191-28 September 1197 | Hohenstaufen
|
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9 June 1198-1215 |  Welf
|
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22 November 1220-13 December 1250 | Hohenstaufen
|
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13 December 1250-21 May 1254 | Hohenstaufen
|
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21 May 1254-29 October 1268 | Hohenstaufen
|
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29 June 1312-24 August 1313 |  House of Luxembourg
|
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October 1314-11 October 1347 |  Wittelsbach
|
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11 July 1346-29 November 1378 | House of Luxembourg
|
  Sigismund |
10 September 1410-9 December 1437 | House of Luxembourg
|
  Frederick III of Germany |
2 February 1440-19 August 1493 |  Habsburg
|
  Maximilian I of Germany |
19 August 1493-12 January 1519 | Habsburg
|
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28 June 1519-16 January 1556 | Habsburg
|
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16 January 1556-25 July 1564 | Habsburg
|
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25 July 1564-12 October 1576 | Habsburg
|
  Rudolf II of Germany |
12 October 1576-20 January 1612 | Habsburg
|
  Matthias of Germany |
23 January 1612-20 March 1619 | Habsburg
|
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20 March 1619-15 February 1637 | Habsburg
|
  Ferdinand III of Germany |
15 February 1637-2 April 1657 | Habsburg
|
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6 March 1657-5 May 1705 | Habsburg
|
  Joseph I of Austria |
5 May 1705-17 April 1711 | Habsburg
|
  Karl VI of Austria |
12 October 1711-20 October 1740 | Habsburg
|
  Karl VII of Austria |
12 February 1742-20 January 1745 | Wittelsbach
|
  Franz I of Germany |
13 September 1745-18 August 1765 |  Habsburg-Lorraine
|
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19 August 1765-20 February 1790 | Habsburg-Lorraine
|
  Leopold II of Austria |
21 February 1790-1 March 1792 | Habsburg-Lorraine
|
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4 March 1792-6 August 1806 | Habsburg-Lorraine
|
