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Himyar

Himyar was a Jewish kingdom in present-day Yemen which existed from 110 BC to 525 AD. With its capital at Zafar, Himyar exported frankincense (an aromatic resin used in perfumes) and myrrh (another perfume ingredient) and based their economy on agriculture. During the 4th century, after the Sabaean kingdom diminished, Himyar took its place, and its king Shamir Yuhar'ish declared himself "King of Saba, Dhu Raydan, Hadramaut, and Yamanat". Himyar also pioneered maritime trade routes, making it the principal economic power in southern Arabia. During that same century, the Himyarites converted to Judaism from Arabic paganism. In 525, Himyar was conquered by the Axumite ruler Caleb of Abyssinia after years of rivalry with Axum.

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