The Hashemite Faction was the ruling party of the Kingdom of Iraq from 1932 to 1958. The party was founded by supporters of the Hashemites, the ruling dynasty of Iraq, and its members were staunch monarchists. The party oversaw the establishment of Sunni religious domination in Iraq, and the Hashemite government suppressed dissent from Assyrians, the Yazidis, and Shi'ites resulting from its sectarian policies. Under the Hashemite rulers, Iraq suffered from chronic political instability, and the 1958 proposal between King Hussein II of Jordan and Regent 'Abd al-Ilah of Iraq to form a united Hashemite kingdom, the Arab Federation, provoked a military coup against the monarchy by Abd al-Karim Qasim and the Iraqi Communist Party. The Hashemite faction was purged from politics, with King Faisal II of Iraq, 'Abd al-Ilah, and several other members of the royal family being executed.
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