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Goths

The Goths were a Germanic tribe which once inhabited the lands between the Danube and Don Rivers. The Goths originated as the "Gutes" of Sweden, who settled on the island of Gotland. In 1300 BC, the first Scandinavians emigrated to Europe. The Gothi were one of many Germanic tribes that moved out of their ancestral homelands, reaching as far as the Crimea and Bosporus, even capturing several cities on the Euxine coast. From there they ravaged the Black Sea, raiding many villages on its shores, and entered the Aegean Sea before turning their attention to Rome. At the Battle of Naissus, Emperor Claudius Gothicus - with the aid of the future Emperor, Aurelian - defeated the Goths and broke the momentum of their onslaught. Although beaten, the Goths were invigorated by the rise of their new chieftain, Cannabaudes, who inspired his people to conquer once again. The Goths would live in peace for many years, and they even allied with the Roman Empire, but the Huns and Sarmatians invaded Colonia Dacia in the 360s BC. Driven from their homes, the Goths were forced to emigrate to the Eastern Roman Empire, and Emperor Valens Flavius granted them all citizenship. However, Ostrogoth chief Fritigern attempted to conquer Roman lands to establish a permanent home, and Valens was killed by the Goths in 378 AD in the Battle of Adrianople. The Goths went on to conquer much of Hispania in 402 AD, and they sacked Rome in 410 AD. By then, they had split into the "Visigoths" (Eastern Goths who took over Spain and southern France) and "Ostrogoths" (Western Goths who took over northern Italy). The Ostrogoths were conquered by the Byzantine Empire in 537 AD, and the Visigoths remained the leaders of most of of Spain until 811, when the Berbers conquered all of Spain but Asturias; the Visigoths remained in Asturias and became Basques and Asturians.

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