Gideon Barstow (7 September 1783-26 March 1852) was a member of the US House of Representatives (DR-MA 2) from 4 March 1821 to 3 March 1823, succeeding Nathaniel Silsbee and preceding Benjamin W. Crowninshield. Born in Mattapoisett, he worked as a physician before entering politics, serving in the state legislature, in Congress, and as a Whig presidential elector in 1832 before moving to St. Augustine, Florida for better weather and dying in 1852.