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German idealism was a philosophical movement that emerged in Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as a reaction to Immanuel Kant's 1781 Critique of Pure Reason. German idealism was closely linked to Romanticism and the revolutionary politics of the Enlightenment, and its most notable thinkers included Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Schelling, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. It emphasized the mental character of all phenomena, giving birth to several idealistic schools; it dominated 19th century thought.

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