The Forte del Santissimo Salvatore is a fort in Messina, Sicily, built from 1537 to 1546 on the Peninsula of San Raineri. The peninsula was previously the site of a monastery and church dedicated to the Holy Savior, as well as the Tower of Saint Anne, built in 1081 and used during the Sicilian Vespers revolt of 1282. Fears of Ottoman expansion in the Mediterranean led to the Spanish garrison building a fort to defend Messina from attack, and the monastery and other medieval buildings were demolished to make way for the fortress. In 1549, the fort's gunpowder magazine exploded, destroying the church. In 1674, anti-Habsburg rebels briefly captured the fortress, only for the revolt to be suppressed in 1678. The fort was damaged by the earthquake of 1783, but it was repaired soon afterwards. Forces loyal to the Bourbon monarchy of the Two Sicilies retained control of the fortress during the Expedition of the Thousand in 1860, and they used it to bombard the rebel-held city until Piedmontese forces ultimately captured the fortress in 1861. The fort was again damaged by the 1908 earthquake which destroyed the city's Real Cittadella walls, but it was restored and remained military property, as it was located near the local Coast Guard base.