The Kodo-kai is the second-lagest clan of the Yamaguchi-gumi yakuza organization, based in Nagoya, Japan. The gang was founded in 1984 by Shinobu Tsukasa, and Kiyoshi Takayama became second-in-command in 1989; the gang grew to have 5,000 members. The Kodo-kai refused to follow the Yakuza's policy of cooperating with police, and it took a defiant tone against authorities, acting more like the Mafia or a terrorist group instead of a Yakuza syndicate. By 2010, the group was operating in 18 prefectures, and it had a wealth of $5,000,000,000.