The Federal Security Directorate (DFS) was a Mexican intelligence agency and secret police force which was active from 1947 to 1985. It was founded by order of President Miguel Aleman Valdes during the Cold War in order to secure American aid for the Mexican government, and, from 1968 to the 1970s (in the Mexican Dirty War), the DFS was responsible for illegal detentions, torture, assassinations, and forced disappearances. The DFS cracked down on anti-government and pro-Soviet organizations in the country, but it also played a major role in the "plaza system" of organized crime, in which it provided protection to the local "plazas" (drug-smuggling operations and their turfs) in exchange for a cut of the drug income. DFS director Salvador Osuna Nava had close ties to several leading criminal figures such as Juan Jose Esparragoza Moreno and Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo during the 1980s. The DFS drew controversy for its involvement in a US-Mexico car theft ring, collaborating with the Guadalajara Cartel, training the Nicaraguan Contras in narco-owned ranches, murdering the journalist Manuel Buendia, and its complicity in the murder of undercover DEA agent Kiki Camarena in 1985. In 1985, President Miguel de la Madrid merged the DFS into the Center for Investigation and National Security (CISEN).