The Dzungar Khanate was an empire of Oirats that existed between the Great Wall of China and Kazakhstan in Central Asia. The khanate was established in 1634 after the Dzungars unified, and and their leader Galdan campaigned to create an Oirat state in Xinjiang and Mongolia. In 1696, he was defeated at the Battle of Jao Modo by the Qing dynasty of the Kangxi Emperor, and in 1750-1757 the Qing took advantage of a Dzungar civil war to conquer the khanate. A large part of the Dzungar population was killed, and in 1759 the Tarim Basin's conquest ended the khanate.
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Location of the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th century