The Duchy of Urbino was a state of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from 1213 to 1625, with Urbino serving as its capital until 1523, and Pesaro serving its capital from 1523 onwards. The House of Montefeltro was the ruling family until 1502, and Urbino became a duchy in 1443 after Pope Eugene IV created the title of "Duke of Urbino". From 1502 to 1508, the Papal general Cesare Borgia ruled over Urbino, and the Della Rovere family came to rule over it after the downfall of the House of Borgia. In 1625, Urbino was annexed to the Papal States.
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Location of the duchy