The Duchy of Parma (1545-1859) was an Italian city-state in northern Italy. The Parmese were ruled by the House of Farnese, with Alexander Farnese leading the Spanish Armada of the 1580s. Parma was a vassal of the Habsburg Empire and fought on the Austrian side in the French Revolutionary Wars, and Napoleon Bonaparte deposed king Orlando I of Parma in 1802. It lasted until 1859, with the Reunification of Italy.
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The city of Parma, 1796
Population in 1836