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Dublin, also known as Dubh Linn or Baile Atha Cliath, is the capital and largest city of Ireland, located along the River Liffey in County Dublin, LeinsterDubh Linn means "black pool" in Gaelic, and it was founded in the 2nd century AD as Eblana. It later became home to a Christian settlement, and, in 841, the Vikings established the Norse kingdom of Dyflin from Dublin. Apart from a few instances of Celtic reconquest, Dublin remained largely under Viking control until the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. During the 9th and 10th centuries, Dublin was home to a major slave market (with slaves from places such as Wales, England, and Normandy), boosting the city's economic growth. In 1171, the English established the "City of Dublin", and Dublin Castle was built by the English occupiers in 1204. Dublin prospered as a Middle Ages trade center, but it was under threat from the Gaelic clans throughout the 14th century and lost thousands of residents to the Black Death in 1348. Following the Tudor conquest of Ireland in the 16th century, Dublin became the center of English administrative rule in Ireland, and Queen Elizabeth I of England founded Trinity College in 1592 as a Protestant university. Following the English Reformation, Dublin came to be dominated by an Anglo-Irish Church of Ireland elite which converted St. Patrick's Cathedral and Christ Church into Anglican churches. During the 18th century, Dublin became the second-largest city of the British Empire and the fifth-largest city in Europe, with its population exceeding 130,000. The Guinness brewery was founded in 1759, becoming the largest employer in the city. Following the loss of Irish home rule under the Acts of Union 1800, Dublin lost its political importance and suffered a period of political and economic decline. Belfast soon became the new center of British rule in Ireland, and the Easter Rising, Irish War of Independence, and the Irish Civil War of the early 20th century left much of Dublin destroyed. From 1997, however, the "Celtic Tiger" period of economic growth led to Dublin's revival, and the city came to have almost full employment by 2017. By 2019, Dublin had over 555,000 residents in the capital city and 1,173,179 residents in its urban area.

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