Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten ("The Steel Helmet, League of Front-Line Soldiers") was a German World War I veterans' organization which was active from 1918 to 1935. Der Stahlhelm was formed by factory owner and Imperial German Army reservist Franz Seldte, and it served as a rallying point for revanchist and nationalist forces who accused the Weimar Republic of being run by "November Criminals" and denied membership to Jewish veterans. After the failed Kapp Putsch of 1920, Der Stahlhelm gained further support from dissolved Freikorps units, and Der Stahlhelm participated in the passive resistance struggle against the French occupiers of the Ruhr. By 1930, Der Stahlhelm had 500,000 members, and it served as the unofficial paramilitary wing of the nationalist German National People's Party (DNVP). In 1931, Der Stahlhelm joined the DNVP, Nazi Party, and Pan-German League in forming the Harzburg Front electoral coalition, but, in 1932, Der Stahlhelm ran its own presidential candidate, Theodor Duesterberg, who won 6.79%. From 1933 to 1934, Der Stahlhelm was gradually incorporated into the Nazi Party, and its remnants were dissolved by the Nazi regime in 1935.