Demian Antonovich Arshavin (1614-24 March 1655) was a Russian cattle thief who was active in the area around Lyudinovo, Smolensk Oblast during the 1650s. In 1655, he and a fellow cattle thief were killed by the mercenary Josyp Chajka while attempting to steal cattle from the village; Chajka also suspected that they may have been hired to kill him, as they were carrying with them purses of gold which may also have been obtained from a previous victim.