The Council of Chalcedon was the fourth ecumenical council held by the Christian Church, held from 8 October to 1 November 451 AD at Chalcedon, Bithynia. It was called by the Roman emperor Marcian, and its result was the declaration that Jesus was perfect in both deity and humanness, and that he was both God and man; semantic disagreements led to the split of Oriental Orthodoxy. The metropolitan of Jerusalem was given independence from the metropolitan of Antioch, the See of Constantinople was made second in power to the Pope of Rome, and churches that rejected the council in favor of the Second Council of Ephesus formed the eastern churches.