Ciudadanos is a liberal political party in Spain that was founded in 2005. The party offered a mix of social democratic and liberal-progressive views, but it was perceived by the Spanish population as center-right; the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) was considered the party of the center-left, while Podemos represented the left. The party, headquartered in Barcelona, Catalonia, also opposed Catalonian independence in favor of unionism with Spain. In the Catalan regional election of 2017, Ciudadanos secured the highest number of seats, but the pro-independence coalition held the highest combined number of seats, giving little clarity as to what party would rule Catalonia.