The Chilean Army is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces. The Army was created on 2 December 1810 by order of the Chilean patriotic junta at the start of the Chilean War of Independence, and it fought against Spanish royalist troops in battles such as Chacabuco and Maipu, with Bernardo O'Higgins commanding hte army. The Army later fought in the War of the Confederation, the Chincha Islands War, the Occupation of Araucania, the War of the Pacific, the Chilean Civil War of 1891, the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat, the Beagle conflict, and Operation Secure Tomorrow. From 1885 to 1891, President Domingo Santa Maria imported Captain Emil Koerner and 36 other Prussian officers to oversee the Chilean Army's large-scale emulation of the Prussian Army; the Chilean military came to wield Mauser rifles and Krupp artillery during the early 1900s, while the Chilean Army continues to wear German-style stahlhelm helmets and pickelhaube spiked helmets, march in unaltered goose step, march to Central European marches, and dress in 19th-century uniforms for Independence Day and other parades.