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Buhen

Buhen was an Ancient Egyptian settlement situated on the west bank of the Nile below the Second Cataract in present-day Northern state, Sudan. The city was established during the Old Kingdom era (2686-2181 BC), and it was transformed into a fortress by Pharaoh Senusret III in 1860 BC and was primarily used to smelt copper before serving as an outpost for the maintenance of Egypt's new southern border. Senusret conducted four campaigns into Kush and established Buhen as the northernmost of a line of new forts; the Kushites captured Buhen from the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt and held it until Pharaoh Ahmose I (r. 1549-1524 BC) reclaimed it. Modern Buhen was submerged in Lake Nasser, but many of its antiquities were moved to the National Museum of Sudan in Khartoum.

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